1. Origin, Composition, and Molecular Architecture
1.1 Natural Resource and Biochemical Account
(Animal Protein Frothing Agent)
Pet protein-based lathering agents are obtained mostly from hydrolyzed keratin or collagen sourced from slaughterhouse byproducts such as unguis, horns, bones, and hides.
Via controlled alkaline or enzymatic hydrolysis, these architectural proteins are damaged down into amphiphilic polypeptides rich in amino acids like glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which have both hydrophilic (– NH TWO,– COOH) and hydrophobic (aliphatic side chains) useful groups.
This twin affinity makes it possible for the particles to adsorb efficiently at air– water interfaces during mechanical oygenation, minimizing surface tension and supporting bubble development– an essential demand for producing consistent cellular concrete.
Unlike artificial surfactants, pet protein frothing agents are biodegradable, non-toxic, and exhibit excellent compatibility with Portland cement systems due to their ionic nature and moderate pH buffering capability.
The molecular weight distribution of the hydrolysate– commonly between 500 and 10,000 Da– directly affects foam security, water drainage rate, and bubble size, making process control throughout hydrolysis vital for constant efficiency.
1.2 Foam Generation Device and Microstructure Control
When thinned down with water (usually at proportions of 1:20 to 1:30) and introduced into a foam generator, the protein service forms a viscoelastic movie around entrained air bubbles under high-shear conditions.
This movie stands up to coalescence and Ostwald ripening– the diffusion-driven development of bigger bubbles at the expense of smaller sized ones– by creating a mechanically durable interfacial layer strengthened with hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.
The resulting foam displays high growth proportions (normally 15– 25:1) and low drain prices (
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