A summary of the medical literature that uses direct and repetitive processes to completely search, illustrate, and synthesize a particular topic is called Systematic Review. It combines the findings of several primary types of research that are related to one another, by utilizing methods with low prejudice and random mistakes.
Purpose Of Systematic Review:
A systematic review’s main goal is to address a particular research problem by providing a complete account of all primary research that has been carried out in that regard. A systematic review utilizes all the available research and is often called “secondary research” or “research on research”.
Key Features Of Systematic Review:
- Systematic reviews have well-defined questions and also have inclusion and exclusion criteria
- There is a complete examination of the literature using these criteria
- Reproving illustration of target studies, data management, and extraction is involved
- There is an examination and explanation of the outcomes
- The result is suitable for publishing
- It determines all studies that fit the eligibility requirements using a thorough search strategy
- Also evaluates the validity of the results of the included research
- It systematically synthesizes the results of the studies
- The systematic reviews declare objectives with an explicit and reproducible approach
- It is conducted by two or more experts who independently review the results
Writing A Systematic Review: Steps To Follow:
- Create A Research Question
- Create A Research Plan
- Look Through The Literature
- Pick Studies Based On The Protocol
- Review Studies According To Protocol
- Extract Information
- Review the outcomes
- Analyze The Outcomes
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Types Of Systematic Review:
Given below are the types of systematic reviews:
1. Performance Evaluations:
The most typical method of evaluating the efficacy of therapy or intervention is systematic reviews. The degree to which an intervention, when used correctly, yields the anticipated results can be referred to as effectiveness. The demographic characteristics, the intervention, the comparator, and the results must all be thoroughly thought out and justified.
2. Experience-based Evaluations:
Experience-based (qualitative) reviews concentrate on examining cultural and social phenomena as well as human experiences. Reviews using this type of evidence may describe an intervention and concentrate on the participant’s interaction with it, but their focus is on the viewpoint of the people who experience it as a component of a bigger phenomenon.
This kind of review can clarify and investigate why an intervention is not used despite the existence of data supporting its efficacy. They are crucial in supplying details on the experience of the patient. This helps medical professionals to understand and conduct with their patients more efficiently.
3. Cost And Economic Analysis Reviews:
Systematic reviews of costs or economics evaluate the expenses incurred by a certain intervention, method, or process. Every culture has alternate uses for its resources, including money. It should be decided whether to take into account the entire world’s or the entire international population, or only a population of a specific nation.
4. Reviews Of Incidence And/Or Prevalence:
Essentially, prevalence or incidence studies assess the burden of disease be it at a local, national or global level. While incidence relates to how frequently a disease occurs, prevalence describes the percentage of a community that has a particular ailment. Governments, policymakers, healthcare providers, and the general public can use these evaluations to advise the department of healthcare services and impose alterations and trends in diseases across time.
Reviews of prevalence or incidence are essential for guiding the planning of health care departments and funds ratio, as well as for explaining the distribution of a variable geographically and its variation among subgroups.
5. Reviews Of Diagnostic Test Accuracy:
Systematic reviews that impose precision of the test give an abstract of the performance of the test, enabling doctors and other healthcare professionals to assess the precision of the tests used for diagnosis, they already use or consider to use in future. Clinicians utilize tests for diagnosis to determine if a patient has a problem or not to create an effective treatment strategy.
All participants who will take the test for diagnosis are the population, and the test for diagnosis whose precision is under review is the index test.
6. Etiology Or Risk Assessments:
When deciding on a policy for health and the avoidance of unfavourable health conditions, decision-makers find aetiology and risk systematic reviews to be especially helpful in guiding planning for healthcare departments and funds ratio. A common goal of many of these sorts of reviews is to determine if and to what extent there is a connection between vulnerability and resulting health conditions.
The review question should include information on the population or groups at risk, the vulnerability, illness or, signs as well as the location, time, and duration, where applicable.
7. Policy Reviews And Professional Opinion:
Policy analysis and professional judgment Systematic reviews concentrate on the making of policy and narrative content. Expert opinion can be used as the best available evidence in the absence of research studies. Therefore, it has a position in evidence-based healthcare. It also supports empirical data.
Mainstream evidence-based practice does not generally acknowledge the systematic review process’s use of expert opinion to synthesize findings. If research studies are not available, a clear and orderly process to choose the best at-hand evidence gained from the text can provide practitioners and policymakers with useful recommendations.
8. Psychological Tests:
Psychometric systematic reviews are carried out to determine which instrument is most suitable for exploitation in the real world for a particular variable or condition. The COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) group suggests specifying
- the type of review to be conducted
- the population of interest
- the type of measurement instrument(s) of interest
- the measurement properties on which the review investigates
9. Prediction Reviews:
Prognostic research is highly valuable because it gives doctors and patients knowledge about the progression of a disease and possible outcomes, as well as the knowledge that may be used to administer focused therapy based on certain prognostic markers. Omen reviews are difficult and the procedure for this sort of study is currently being developed.
Prognostic/prediction models, prognostic tests, the general prediction for something, the connection linking, the predicting variables and the result, may all be of interest to prospective systematic reviewers who plan to do a prognostic review.
10. Systematic Reviews Of Methodology:
For methodological purposes, systematic reviews can be carried out to look into any methodological problems concerning the planning, execution, and analysis of research projects as well as evidence synthesis. There is not much advice available for doing these reviews.
Conclusion:
Anyone can indeed write a review but systematic reviews are not like those simple reviews. They need a team of experts, a thorough review of the literature and keen observation to be written.
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